Properties of multi-GNSS uncalibrated phase delays with considering satellite systems, receiver types, and network scales

Abstract The Wide-Lane (WL) and Narrow-Lane (NL) Uncalibrated Phase Delays (UPDs) are the prerequisites in traditional Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Ambiguity Resolution (AR). As generation mechanism of various biases becomes more complex, we systematically studied impact factors four satellite systems WL NL UPDs from perspective parameter estimation. Approximately 100 stations a global network used to generate UPDs. results different show that estimation method, update frequency, solution mode need be treated differently. Two regional networks with receiver types, JAVAD, Trimble, also adopted. indicate receiver-dependent bias has an influence on UPD Also, hardware delays can inhibit satellite-side if these receiver-specific errors not fully deployed or even misused. Furthermore, temporal stability residual distribution significantly enhanced by utilizing network, improvements over 68% 40%, respectively. It demonstrates scales exhibit implication unmodeled errors, cannot ignored must handled